Key words: Nonverbal Communication/Doctor Patient Communication/Psychotherapy/Psychotherapeutic Processes/Effectiveness/Doctor Patient Relationship/ Doctor Characteristics/Patient Characteristics/Personality/Pain/Reviews/Research/"
Summary: Reviews empirical studies on nonverbal communication in clinician-patient interaction for psychotherapeutic and medical settings. Nonverbal behavior is considered both as the consequence of antecedent variables, such as individual or relationship characteristics, and as a predictor of clinical effectiveness and patient outcomes. The concept of rapport is considered in relation to nonverbal behavior. The relevance of a patient's nonverbal behavior to the diagnostic goals of the clinical visit is shown by research on nonverbal cues to psychopathology, Type A/B personality, and pain. Research is needed, especially that which experimentally manipulates either antecedent variables or nonverbal behavior itself to show cause-and-effect relations.