{"id":4354,"date":"2024-08-08T09:13:28","date_gmt":"2024-08-08T07:13:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/"},"modified":"2024-08-08T09:13:28","modified_gmt":"2024-08-08T07:13:28","slug":"ombook_glossary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"OMbook_glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"betterdocs-encyclopedia-wrapper\">\n    <div class=\"betterdocs-laxical-container\">\n        <div class=\"encyclopedia-filter-content\">\n\n            \n<div class=\"encyclopedia-alphabets alphabets-style-box\">\n    <ul class=\"encyclopedia-alphabet-list\">\n        <li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"all\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/\">All<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"A\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=A\">A<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"B\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=B\">B<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"C\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=C\">C<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"D\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=D\">D<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"E\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=E\">E<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"F\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=F\">F<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"G\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=G\">G<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"H\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=H\">H<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"I\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=I\">I<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"J\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=J\">J<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"K\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=K\">K<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"L\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=L\">L<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"M\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=M\">M<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"N\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=N\">N<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"O\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=O\">O<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"P\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=P\">P<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"Q\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=Q\">Q<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"R\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=R\">R<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"S\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=S\">S<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"T\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=T\">T<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"U\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=U\">U<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"V\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=V\">V<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"W\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=W\">W<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"X\"><a class=\"letter-has-no-docs\" href=\"#\">X<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"Y\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=Y\">Y<\/a><\/li><li class=\"alphabet-list-item\" data-letter=\"Z\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/ombook_glossary\/?encyclopedia_prefix=Z\">Z<\/a><\/li>    <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"w-dyn-list\">\n                <div class=\"betterdocs-encyclopedia layout-card layout-doc-list\" id=\"encyclopedia-container\">\n                    <div class='encyclopedia-section-A section-item'><div class=\"letter-start alphabet-big-round-view\" data-scroll-letter=\"A\"><span>A<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"A\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/approximation\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Approximation <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Yes, it&#039;s about having &quot;good enough&quot; precision.  Numeric, or numerical, approximation: the way much...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/approximation\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"A\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/analysis-of-covariance-ancova\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">A very simple extension of the ANOVA model.  Instead of analysing the values of...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/analysis-of-covariance-ancova\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"A\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/analysis-of-variance-anova\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Analysis of variance (ANOVA) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">This is a huge family of statistical analyses within the NHST (Null Hypothesis Significance Test...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/analysis-of-variance-anova\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"A\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/autocorrelation\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Autocorrelation <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">To some extent it&#039;s what it says: how much something correlates with itself but what...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/autocorrelation\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"A\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/abstracteeism\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Abstracteeism <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">A neologism created by Branca Sa Pires and leapt upon by me in one of...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/abstracteeism\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"A\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/attenuation-by-unreliability-of-measurement\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Attenuation (by unreliability of measurement) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">This is the very basic reality that if you have unreliable measures of things, and...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/attenuation-by-unreliability-of-measurement\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"A\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/accuracy\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Accuracy <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">What it means in everyday language really.  It&#039;s one of two parts of observational...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/accuracy\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"A\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/average-absolute-deviation-aad\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Average absolute deviation (AAD) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">This is generally used to describe a family of measures of dispersion, i.e. of the...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/average-absolute-deviation-aad\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"A\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/alpha\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Alpha <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">First letter of the Greek alphabet. OK, OK, I know you knew that!  It...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/alpha\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"A\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/anderson-darling-test\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Anderson-Darling test <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">A good test of distribution fit.  (That&#039;s a graphic from my Rblog post about...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/anderson-darling-test\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"A\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/alternative-alternate-hypothesis\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Alternative (alternate) hypothesis <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">The logical alternative to the null hypothesis in NHST (Null Hypothesis Significance Testing).  At...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/alternative-alternate-hypothesis\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"A\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/attrition\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Attrition <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Technical term used in research that involves repeated assessments including the whole field of repeated...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/attrition\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"A\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/anonymisation\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Anonymisation <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">This sounds obvious doesn&#039;t it and it also seems obvious that clients, and research participants,...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/anonymisation\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"A\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/authenticity-scale-as\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Authenticity Scale (AS) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">A twelve item self-report therapy change scale created to reflect Carl Rogers&#039; ideas of authenticity...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/authenticity-scale-as\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"A\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/age\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Age <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">We all know what age is so why put it here?!  \n\n\n\nBecause it&#039;s a...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/age\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"A\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/audit-clinical-audit\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Audit, Clinical Audit <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">In financial terms an Audit refers to a formal inspection of a system or set...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/audit-clinical-audit\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"A\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/aggregation\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Aggregation <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Aggregation in OM refers to the bringing together of data for the purposes of statistical...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/aggregation\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><div class='encyclopedia-section-B section-item'><div class=\"letter-start alphabet-big-round-view\" data-scroll-letter=\"B\"><span>B<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"B\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/bereavement-grief-loss\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Bereavement, grief, loss <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Why am I putting this here when it&#039;s obviously either too simple to need expansion...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/bereavement-grief-loss\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"B\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/bowleys-seven-figure-summary\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Bowley\u2019s seven-figure summary <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">One of three &quot;seven-figure&quot; or &quot;seven-number&quot; summaries: i.e. ways of describing a distribution of values...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/bowleys-seven-figure-summary\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"B\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/bifactor-models\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Bifactor models <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">A subset of factor analytic models, not to be confused with 2-factor models.\n\n\n\nDetails\n\n\n\nAs with all...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/bifactor-models\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"B\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/between-groups-comparison\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Between group(s) comparison <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">What it says!  Actually, when you see it, it what is really being done...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/between-groups-comparison\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"B\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/bonferroni-correction\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Bonferroni correction <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">This is the simplest way to &quot;correct&quot; for the multiple tests problem.\n\n\n\nDetails\n\n\n\nRead the multiple tests...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/bonferroni-correction\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"B\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/binomial-distribution\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Binomial distribution <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">This probably doesn&#039;t come up directly all that often in the therapy\/MH literature but it...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/binomial-distribution\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"B\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/bootstrap-methods\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Bootstrap methods <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Computer intensive statistical methods mainly used to obtain robust estimates of confidence intervals around observed...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/bootstrap-methods\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"B\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/boxplot-or-box-plot\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Boxplot (or box plot) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Sometimes also called a &quot;box and whisker plot&quot;.  This is a excellent way to...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/boxplot-or-box-plot\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"B\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/barplot-bar-plot\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Barplot \/ bar plot <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">See Histograms and barplots.<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/barplot-bar-plot\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"B\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/beck-depression-inventory-bdi\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Perhaps the most famous and successful therapy self-report instrument ever.  Started with the paper...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/beck-depression-inventory-bdi\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"B\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/beck-anxiety-inventory-bai\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">The BAI is a (Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., &amp; Steer, R. A....<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/beck-anxiety-inventory-bai\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"B\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/bite-bulimia-investigatory-test-edinburgh\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Bulimia Investigatory Test Edinburgh (BITE) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">The BITE is a questionnaire which, as its name suggests, is designed to measure typical...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/bite-bulimia-investigatory-test-edinburgh\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"B\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/between-groups-tests\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Between groups tests <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">The complement to paired, or within person tests.  See Paired tests and Between group(s)...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/between-groups-tests\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"B\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/body-shape-questionnaire-bsq\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">A 34 item self-report measure developed to measure the negative self-appraisal of body shape common...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/body-shape-questionnaire-bsq\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"B\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/bootstrap-bootstrapping\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Bootstrap, Bootstrapping <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">For our purposes these are modern ways of getting Confidence Intervals around any sample estimate...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/bootstrap-bootstrapping\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"B\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/blinding\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Blinding <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Blinding refers to concealing or masking group allocation in controlled trials. For example, participants are...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/blinding\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"B\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/bias\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Bias <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Bias is anything that that results in a conclusion or finding that is not the...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/bias\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><div class='encyclopedia-section-C section-item'><div class=\"letter-start alphabet-big-round-view\" data-scroll-letter=\"C\"><span>C<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cross-loading-factor-analysis\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Cross-loading (factor analysis) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">You&#039;re only likely to see this in reports of exploratory factor analyses of measures.\n\n\n\nDetails\n\n\n\nThe term...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cross-loading-factor-analysis\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/chi-squared-test\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Chi squared test <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">You may see this written as &quot;chi-squared&quot;, &quot;chi square&quot;, &quot;chi-square&quot; or &quot;chisquared&quot; or as using...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/chi-squared-test\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cronbachs-coefficient-alpha\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Cronbach&#039;s coefficient alpha <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Despite much criticism, almost all of it criticising people for using Cronbach&#039;s alpha without really...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cronbachs-coefficient-alpha\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/content-validity\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Content validity <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">This is mainly about typical multi-item nomothetic self-rating questionnaires or rating scales.  Content validity...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/content-validity\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cutting-points\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Cutting points <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">In our field this refers to scores that are deemed to separate &quot;help seeking&quot; and...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cutting-points\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cluster-analysis\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Cluster analysis <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Pretty much what it says: a family of statistical methods that look to see if...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cluster-analysis\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cross-lagged-correlation\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Cross-lagged correlation <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">What it says really!  A statistical method that explores the relationship between two variables...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cross-lagged-correlation\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/change-vs-outcome\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Change vs. outcome <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">This is just my own pedantry and here to encourage others to think about it...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/change-vs-outcome\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/covert-vs-overt-items\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Covert vs. overt items <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">The name is pretty accurate: it&#039;s about whether items in self-report questionnaires are overt about...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/covert-vs-overt-items\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/clinician-reported-outcome-measures-clinroms-croms\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Clinician-reported outcome measures (ClinROMs, CROMs) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">These are a subset of Clinical Outcome Assessments (COAs) and were essentially the only change\/outcome...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/clinician-reported-outcome-measures-clinroms-croms\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/clinical-outcome-assessments-coas\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Clinical Outcome Assessments (COAs) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Term used more in the physical health than the psychological health &amp; well-being areas. ...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/clinical-outcome-assessments-coas\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/censored-data\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Censored data <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Censored data exists when the value of an observation is not fully known but is...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/censored-data\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/classical-test-theory-ctt\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Classical Test Theory (CTT) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">This is one of the two main statistical\/mathematical approaches to quantitative psychometrics of the last...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/classical-test-theory-ctt\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/confidence-intervals-cis\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Confidence intervals (CIs) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">This is an incredibly useful method. The basic idea is that when you have a...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/confidence-intervals-cis\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/chaos-chaos-theory\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Chaos, chaos theory <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Arts therapists, like many artists and other &quot;creatives&quot; argue that creativity, i.e. the emergence of...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/chaos-chaos-theory\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/convergent-validity\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Convergent validity <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Part of concurrent validity (q.v.).  Convergent validity is evidence that data from a measure...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/convergent-validity\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/concurrent-validity\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Concurrent validity <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Literally evidence supporting the validity of a measure that is obtained from data obtained at...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/concurrent-validity\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/crown-crisp-experiential-index-ccei\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Crown-Crisp Experiential Index (CCEI) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Hm, I thought this would  be quick and easy but I think it&#039;s going...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/crown-crisp-experiential-index-ccei\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/composite-scores\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Composite scores <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">What it says: making up a score by adding up other things.  Despite that...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/composite-scores\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/centring-centering\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Centring\/Centering <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">A bit esoteric but you may meet it in reports, particularly those using multi-level modelling...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/centring-centering\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/core-14-dd\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">CORE-14-DD <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">This is a convenience name for the presentation together of 14 items of the CORE-OM...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/core-14-dd\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/clinically-significant-change-csc\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Clinically significant change (CSC) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Part of the &quot;Reliable and Clinically Significant Change (RCSC)&quot; methods developed by Jacobson et al.\n\n\n\nDetails\n\n\n\nI...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/clinically-significant-change-csc\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cohens-d\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Cohen&#039;s d <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Probably the most used effect size measure at least in the psychology, MH and therapy...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cohens-d\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cumulative-distribution\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Cumulative distribution <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">It&#039;s pretty much what it says: putting the data you have in order so that...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cumulative-distribution\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cramer-von-mises-test\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Cramer von Mises test <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">A good test of distribution fit.  (That&#039;s a graphic from my Rblog post about...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cramer-von-mises-test\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/core-system\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">CORE system <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">CORE stands for &quot;Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation&quot; and is the the system co-created by...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/core-system\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/core-instruments\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">CORE instruments <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Term I use to cover the self-report questionnaires of the CORE system (&quot;CORE measures&quot;) together...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/core-instruments\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/core-measures\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">CORE measures <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">These are a set of self-report questionnaires designed primarily to measure change in therapies. ...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/core-measures\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/centiles\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Centiles <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Synonym of &quot;percentiles&quot; and another name of quantiles really.\n\n\n\nChapters\n\n\n\nChapter 5\n\n\n\nSee also\n\n\n\nMuch more detail in the...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/centiles\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cohens-kappa\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Cohen&#039;s kappa <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Jacob Cohen invented kappa as a way of describing how good agreement was between two...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cohens-kappa\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/confidentiality\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Confidentiality <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Means exactly what it says!\n\n\n\nDetails\n\n\n\nConfidentiality is a key issue for therapy data except for a...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/confidentiality\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/central-location\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Central location <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">A statistic for data from a continuous variable that summarise what it says: central location....<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/central-location\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/computer-intensive-statistics-methods\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Computer intensive statistics\/methods <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">These are methods that use a lot of computing power and they only really became...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/computer-intensive-statistics-methods\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cell-and-cell-size\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Cell and cell size <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Mostly &quot;cell&quot; in statistical work refers to a group of observations sharing two or more...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cell-and-cell-size\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/change\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Change <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">In Counselling and Psychotherapy, change tends to refer to the improvement or deterioration in the...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/change\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/core-10\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">CORE-10 <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Ten item short form developed from the CORE-OM.\n\n\n\nDetails\n\n\n\nSee Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation here, and...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/core-10\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/core-om\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">CORE-OM <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">The central self-report questionnaire in the CORE system.\n\n\n\nDetails\n\n\n\nSee Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation here and...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/core-om\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/controlled-trials\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Controlled trials <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">These are experiments comparing two or sometimes more groups, typically in our field these involve...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/controlled-trials\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/causality-causal-attribution\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Causality &amp; causal attribution <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Perhaps it&#039;s understandable that work committed to helping with human misery and self-destructiveness should want...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/causality-causal-attribution\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/clinical-non-clinical\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Clinical\/non-clinical <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Terms widely used to distinguish a section of the population who may have sufficient problems...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/clinical-non-clinical\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/corrected-item-total-correlations-citcs\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Corrected item-total correlations (CITCs) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">This is most used when looking at the psychometric properties of multi-item scales and it...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/corrected-item-total-correlations-citcs\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/categorical-nominal-data-scaling\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Categorical\/nominal data\/scaling <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">This is about Stevens&#039; typology of scales and it&#039;s probably the only bit of his...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/categorical-nominal-data-scaling\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cochrane-collaboration-library\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Cochrane (collaboration, library) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Cochrane, https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/, formerly the Cochrane collaboration, aims to provide high quality, independent evidence in healthcare....<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/cochrane-collaboration-library\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/common-factors\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Common factors <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">This phrase has two meanings in our field: a psychological\/therapy one, and a statistical\/psychometric one.The...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/common-factors\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/core-6d\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">CORE-6D <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">The CORE-6D is a complex scoring of six items from the CORE-OM (items 1, 15,...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/core-6d\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/corc-child-outcomes-research-consortium\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">CORC: Child Outcomes Research Consortium <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Leading UK organisation aiming to improve understanding of effective interventions to help young people with...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/corc-child-outcomes-research-consortium\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/compass\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Compass <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">The compass in question is an outcome\/change management system that emerged, independently but at about...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/compass\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/core-clinical-outcomes-in-routine-evaluation\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">CORE: Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">CORE refers both to a set of instruments, i.e. self-rating questionnaire measures and practitioner completed...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/core-clinical-outcomes-in-routine-evaluation\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/census\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Census <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">A true or complete census is a complete dataset about a field of interest. ...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/census\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"C\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/correlation\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Correlation <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">The statistical meaning of Correlation is not that far from the lay use. If you...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/correlation\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>    \n\n    <div class=\"encyclopedia-item explore-more-docs\">\n        <a href=\"?encyclopedia_prefix=C\" target=\"_blank\">\n\n            <span>Explore 6 More Docs<\/span>\n            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\">\n                <path d=\"M7 17L17 7\" stroke=\"#667085\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" \/>\n                <path d=\"M8 7L17 7L17 16\" stroke=\"#667085\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" \/>\n            <\/svg>\n        <\/a>\n\n        \n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div><div class='encyclopedia-section-D section-item'><div class=\"letter-start alphabet-big-round-view\" data-scroll-letter=\"D\"><span>D<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/degrees-of-freedom-d-f\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Degrees of freedom (d.f.) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">A key if slightly slippy idea that comes up in a lot of statistical analyses....<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/degrees-of-freedom-d-f\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/different-approaches-to-change-measurement\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Different approaches to change measurement <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">This came out of doing some recent additions about change measurement and is a bit...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/different-approaches-to-change-measurement\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/dbrct-double-blind-randomised-controlled-trial\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">DBRCT = Double Blind, Randomised Controlled Trial <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">[This entry overlaps with many others, see links]\n\n\n\nA randomised controlled trial is a way of...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/dbrct-double-blind-randomised-controlled-trial\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/derangements\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Derangement(s) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Things are deranged if they are out of order.  Interestingly, whether we can put...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/derangements\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/dalys-disability-adjusted-life-years\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">DALYs: Disability Adjusted Life Years <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">OK, time I dived into health economic terms!\n\n\n\nDetails\n\n\n\nDALYs are an extension  of QALYs: Quality...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/dalys-disability-adjusted-life-years\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/dichotomisation\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Dichotomisation <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">This is the extremely common situation in which we convert a continuous measurement into a...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/dichotomisation\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/domains-dimensions-components-and-factors\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Domains, dimensions, components and factors <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">This is my way of clarifying some terms that are often thrown around in psychometrics....<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/domains-dimensions-components-and-factors\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/dose-response\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Dose response <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">One of too many terms that have been pulled across from physical health medicine and...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/dose-response\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/descriptive-statistics\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Descriptive statistics <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">This covers statistical methods of summarising a dataset that aim only to summarise the data...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/descriptive-statistics\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/divergent-discriminant-validity\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Discriminant validity <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">With convergent validity, this is part of concurrent validity, it&#039;s whether values on a measure...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/divergent-discriminant-validity\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/data-protection\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Data protection <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Well of course you&#039;d look after your data wouldn&#039;t you?  You don&#039;t want anyone...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/data-protection\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/dispersion\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Dispersion <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">I&#039;ve been putting this off!  It&#039;s actually quite a basic idea but it covers...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/dispersion\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/diagnosis\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Diagnosis <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Clearly the idea comes out of medicine and what is sometimes called &quot;the medical model&quot;...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/diagnosis\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/de-anonymisation\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">De-anonymisation <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Synonym of re-identification, see, anonymisation, pseudonymisation, confidentiality and smallest identical subset for more on this...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/de-anonymisation\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/distribution-shape\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Distribution shape <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">It&#039;s useful to think of distributions of continuous variables in terms of their &quot;central location&quot;,...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/distribution-shape\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/discrete-measures-variables\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Discrete measures\/variables <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">A variable that can only take distinct values. Examples might included the locality within a...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/discrete-measures-variables\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/distribution\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Distribution <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">The frequencies of values for a variable. The term is more often applied to continuous...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/distribution\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/double-blind\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Double blind <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">See &quot;blinding&quot;\n\n\n\nDetails\n\n\n\n&quot;Double blind&quot; refers to the requirement for idea pharmacological randomised controlled trials that not...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/double-blind\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/dependent-variable\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Dependent variable <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Though there are statistical methods that handle relationships between many variables, very often we look...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/dependent-variable\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"D\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/dataset-and-database\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Dataset and database <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">See sample to read why I think we should be using &quot;dataset&quot; instead of &quot;sample&quot;.\n\n\n\nA...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/dataset-and-database\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><div class='encyclopedia-section-E section-item'><div class=\"letter-start alphabet-big-round-view\" data-scroll-letter=\"E\"><span>E<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/eigenvalue\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Eigenvalue <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">The only places you find this term, which means &quot;own value&quot; from German, is in...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/eigenvalue\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/efficiency\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Efficiency <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">One of the 3 E\u2019s from the hugely influential monograph: Cochrane, A. L. (1972). Effectiveness...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/efficiency\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/effectiveness-2\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Effectiveness <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">One of the 3 E&#039;s from the hugely influential monograph: Cochrane, A. L. (1972). Effectiveness...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/effectiveness-2\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/efficacy-part-of-the-3-es\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Efficacy (part of the 3 Es) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">My &quot;three E&#039;s&quot; are Efficacy, Effectiveness and Efficiency which were the central theme of a...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/efficacy-part-of-the-3-es\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/ecological-momentary-assessment-ema\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">This refers to collection of data from participants at various times of day in their...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/ecological-momentary-assessment-ema\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/exploratory-factor-analysis-efa\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">A statistical approach that hopes to simplify multivariate data, i.e. data where we have values...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/exploratory-factor-analysis-efa\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/epo-1\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">EPO-1 <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">A single item, five level, change\/outcome measure proposed for adoption within the European Psychotherapy Consortium...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/epo-1\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/european-psychotherapy-consortium-epoc\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">European Psychotherapy Consortium (EPoC) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">A coalition\/consortium arising out of the Society for Psychotherapy Research meeting in 2022 and formalised...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/european-psychotherapy-consortium-epoc\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/exploratory-data-analysis-eda\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Exploratory data analysis (EDA) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">A statistical approach, methodology, inspired by John Tukey.  Tukey was something of a polymath...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/exploratory-data-analysis-eda\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/eq-5d-5l\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">EQ-5D-5L <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Probably the dominant quality of life measure, distributed by Euroqol and free for non-commercial use...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/eq-5d-5l\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/eating-attitudes-test-eat\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Eating attitudes test (EAT) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Two self-report questionnaires designed to tap into problematic attitudes common in eating disorders.  \n\n\n\nDetails\n\n\n\nThe...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/eating-attitudes-test-eat\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/employee-assistance-programmes-eaps\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Employee assistance programmes (EAPs) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">These are programmes offering some degree of support with mental health and well-being issues for...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/employee-assistance-programmes-eaps\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/effect-size\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Effect size <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Effect size measures are a way to separate the strength of an effect.  An...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/effect-size\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/eprovide\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">ePROVIDE <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Online repository of outcome\/change measures (their term is &quot;Clinical Outcome Assessments (COAs)&quot; and related information...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/eprovide\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/error\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Error <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Mistake, transgression.  OK, not that use of the word!  For MH\/therapy change measurement...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/error\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/empirical-cumulative-distribution-function-ecdf\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function (ECDF) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">A cumulative distribution the &quot;empirical&quot; indicates that is based on data not on the definition...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/empirical-cumulative-distribution-function-ecdf\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/early-termination\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Early termination <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Like &quot;attrition&quot; a seemingly polite term for opting out that hides the client&#039;s autonomy and...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/early-termination\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/ethnicity\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Ethnicity <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">A key sociodemographic variable in many countries.  Interestingly, it&#039;s illegal to collect data on...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/ethnicity\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/empirical-research\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Empirical research <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Any research involving data as well as theory rather than purely exploring theory (conceptual research).\n\n\n\nDetails\n\n\n\nThis...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/empirical-research\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/ecm-embedded-change-measurement\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">ECM (Embedded Change Measurement) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">As we say in Chapter 1:&quot;We will use ECM to describe the process when OMs...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/ecm-embedded-change-measurement\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/ests-empirically-supported-treatments\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">ESTs (Empirically Supported Treatments) <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">The name suggests interventions with some evidence base, however it has come to mean therapies...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/ests-empirically-supported-treatments\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/expectancy-effects\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Expectancy effects <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">Expectancy effects refer to the power that clients\u2019 and therapists\u2019 and researchers\u2019 beliefs have on...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/expectancy-effects\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"encyclopedia-item\" data-first-letter=\"E\">\n\n    <div class=\"tools-card\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/estimate-estimation\/\">\n            <h2 class=\"heading-small tools-card__title-text\">Estimate, estimation <\/h2>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"top-tools-card\">\n            <p class=\"text-size-small tools-card__sample-text tooltip-content\">In statistical thinking we treat a statistic from a sample both as a description of...<\/p>\n            <div class=\"tools-card_link-container\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psyctc.org\/psyctc\/glossary2\/estimate-estimation\/\" class=\"text-style-link\">More<span class=\"text-style-link tools-card_arrow\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>                <\/div>\n\n                \n    <div class=\"loadmoreBtn-container\">\n        <div class=\"encyclopedia-loadmore-btn loadMoreBtn\" data-total-section-pages=\"5\" 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