Bias

Bias is anything that that results in a conclusion or finding that is not the best, systematically different from the true value. Biases in statistics can arise from methods and specific software implementations but probably most bias arises from human actions, deliberate or unintentional. For our purposes bias is a form of invalidity.

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Random deviation from a true value is not bias as it does not have a systematic effect. Random deviations from a true value create unreliability, systematic deviations, i.e. bias, create invalidity.

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