OMbook_glossary

O

Orthogonal contrasts

This is pretty technical but you might come across it in papers using analysis of...

Odds = odds ratio

At times in the past I have found the idea of "odds" and odds ratios...

Octile(s)

I confess this is me throwing one in for completeness, I don't think I've ever...

Observer-reported outcome measures (ObsROMs, OROMs)

My usual pedantry that we should be very careful about the word "outcome" here and...

Omitted variable

The is all about summer! OK, it's not generally but the classic explanation of how...

Orthogonal

Posh word meaning "at right angles to", "perpendicular to", "independent of" Details Can come up in a...

Open peer review

See peer reviewing. Dates Created 18.viii.23.

Opting out

More often termed "dropping out" or, mainly by researchers, "attrition". Used to refer to...

Open source software

OK, I admit it, this is mostly here to give a plug to the R...

Open access

A fundamental change in the academic publishing world that has exploded in the 21st Century....

Open data

The idea of "open data" is that research papers should put their data into a...

Overprinting

Overprinting is the name for a challenge when plotting large datasets in a scatterplot. ...

Outlier

A value for a continuous variable that is unusual by virtue of lying well away...

Observation

Can be used in two slightly different ways in our field but in both cases...

Ordinal scaling

This is about Stevens’ typology of scales and most of the time it’s a red...

OQ (Outcome Questionnaire) system

The OQ, CORE and compass systems all developed independently with similar aims with the OQ...